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聚合物鋰電池和液體鋰電池有什么區(qū)別?

2022-06-15

聚合物鋰電池

鋰電池可分為聚合物鋰電池和液體鋰電池兩種類型,這兩者到底有什么區(qū)別呢?今天小編將為大家解答:

可從外觀直接辨別,聚合物鋰電池沒有鐵外殼保護(hù),具有一定的柔軟度。液態(tài)鋰電池通常有一個硬殼保護(hù),如市場上的18650鋰電池。

兩者的工作原理是一樣的。鋰離子的充放電都是通過鋰離子的嵌入和脫嵌過程來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在此過程中,鋰離子嵌入負(fù)極為充電,從負(fù)極脫嵌為放電。

液體鋰離子電池與聚合物鋰離子電池的主要區(qū)別如下:

1、材料差異:在聚合物鋰電池中,其正極、負(fù)極和電解質(zhì)至少有一種由聚合物材料制成,如電解液中的聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。

2、電解質(zhì)形態(tài)不同:液態(tài)鋰離子電池多使用液態(tài)有機(jī)溶劑+導(dǎo)電鹽,而聚合物鋰電池則用膠體/固體。

簡單比較一下聚合物鋰電池和液態(tài)鋰電池:

1、能量密度:能量密度越大,單位體積的容量越大。通過提高陽極(陽極)和膜片的材料/厚度,聚合物鋰電池的能量密度可達(dá)到600Wh/L+。

2、可定制程度:聚合物鋰電池形狀更容易變薄,不使用金屬保護(hù)殼更容易做成各種形狀。

3、重量:液體鋰電池較重,聚合物鋰電池較輕,體積相同。

4、安全性:鋰電在極端情況下(如過充/高溫),內(nèi)部會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的化學(xué)反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生大量氣體,液態(tài)鋰電此時由于包裹的金屬外殼,當(dāng)內(nèi)部壓力相當(dāng)大時外殼發(fā)生爆炸破裂,而聚合物鋰電由于采用鋁膜包裝(或塑料外殼),只要內(nèi)部壓力稍高就會膨脹或爆裂,不會引起爆炸。但要注意的是,其兩者都可以在極端條件下燃燒。


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