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鋁殼電池自放電的原因有哪些?

2022-05-27

鋁殼電池

鋁殼電池在存儲過程中電壓下降很快,廠家一般按每天的壓降mV來測量的,單位是mV/天,質(zhì)量良好的電池電壓降每天不會超過2mV。也有一些廠家采用K值計算的方法,即mV/h,一小時壓降多少mV,好電池K值一般在0.08mV/h以內(nèi)。

鋁殼電池自放電的原因常見有兩種,即物理微短路和化學反應(yīng),具體如下:

一、物理微短路

鋁殼電池引起物理微短路的原因有多種,如下:

1、粉塵和毛刺:將自放電大的電池拆開會發(fā)現(xiàn)隔膜上有黑點,中間位置是粉塵擊穿的主要部位,邊緣位置是毛刺的主要部位。

2、正極金屬雜質(zhì):正金屬雜質(zhì)在充電后發(fā)生反應(yīng)會擊穿隔膜,在隔膜上形成黑點,造成物理微短路。

3、負極金屬雜質(zhì):由于原電池的形成,負極金屬雜質(zhì)會游離,沉積在隔膜內(nèi)而引起隔膜傳導,形成物理微短路。

二、化學反應(yīng)

1、水分引起鋁殼電池電解液分解,釋放出大量電子,電子嵌入正極氧化結(jié)構(gòu)中,從而引起正極電位下降,導致低壓。

2、有些電解液溶劑會導致電池電壓下降過快,這些溶劑不耐氧化,儲存過程中化學反應(yīng)緩慢,消耗容量從而造成電壓下降。

3、鋁殼電池在存儲過程中,由于倉庫有一定的溫度,導致SEI薄膜脫落和再反應(yīng),導致電池膨脹、低壓等。

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