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鈷酸鋰離子電池的簡要介紹

2022-11-19

鈷酸鋰離子電池

鈷酸鋰離子電池組件的核心材料是鈷和鋰。鈷酸鋰鋰金屬電池的循環(huán)性能與其材料鈷和鋰有很大關(guān)系。下面從鈷酸鋰離子電池的工作原理出發(fā),深入了解其電化學(xué)性能的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。鋰鉆酸的化學(xué)式為LiCoO2,是一種無機(jī)化合物,一般用作鋰離子電池的正極材料。

一、鈷酸鋰離子電池的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

(1) 優(yōu)越的電化學(xué)機(jī)能:每循環(huán)平均容量衰減小于0.05%,一次放電比容量大于135 mAh/g,3.6V一次放電的平臺比大于85%。

(2) 優(yōu)良的加工性能。

(3) 高振實(shí)密度有助于提高電池的比容能力。

(4) 產(chǎn)品性能穩(wěn)定一致。

(5) 工作電壓高,放電穩(wěn)定,比能量高,循環(huán)性能好等。

(6) 適用于大流量放電和鋰離子的嵌入和剝離,是早用于鋰離子電池的。

二、鈷酸鋰離子電池的缺點(diǎn)

(1) LiCoO2的實(shí)際容量約為140mA/g,僅約為理論容量 (274mA/g) 的50%。

(2) 在反復(fù)充放電過程中,由于鋰離子的反復(fù)嵌入和去除,使活性材料的結(jié)構(gòu)在多次收縮和膨脹后發(fā)生變化,導(dǎo)致LiCoO2的內(nèi)阻增加,容量下降。

鉆酸鋰離子電池充放電過程中發(fā)生的反應(yīng):

充電過程中的反應(yīng):

正極:LiCoO2 = Li1-xCoO2 + xLi ++ xe-

負(fù)極:6C + xLi ++ xe-= Lixc6。

放電過程中的反應(yīng):

正極:Li1-xCoO2 + xLi ++ xe-= LiCoO2,

負(fù)極:LixC6 = 6C + xLi ++ xe-。

鈷酸鋰電池結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,比容量高,綜合性能突出,但安全性差,成本很高。主要用于中小型電池,廣泛用于筆記本電腦,手機(jī),MP3/4等小型電子設(shè)備,標(biāo)稱電壓為3.7V。


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