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鋰離子電池的工作原理

2022-08-15

鋰離子電池

當(dāng)電池充電時,鋰離子在電池的正電極上產(chǎn)生,產(chǎn)生的鋰離子通過電解液移動到負(fù)極。作為負(fù)極的碳呈層狀結(jié)構(gòu),微孔較多。到達(dá)負(fù)極的鋰離子嵌入在碳層的微孔中。鋰離子嵌入越多,充電容量越高。類似地,當(dāng)電池放電時(我們使用電池的過程),嵌入在負(fù)極碳層的鋰離子會逃逸并回到正極。返回正極的鋰離子越多,放電容量越高。

一般鋰電池充電電流設(shè)置在0.2C ~ 1C之間,電流越大,充電越快,電池發(fā)熱越大。此外,如果電流太大,容量就不會滿,因為電池內(nèi)部的電化學(xué)反應(yīng)需要時間。對于鋰電池來說,正常使用就是放電的過程。鋰電池放電需要注意以下幾點:

1、放電電流不宜過大。電流過大會導(dǎo)致電池內(nèi)部發(fā)熱,可能造成永久性損壞。

2、永遠(yuǎn)不要過度放電!鋰電池怕過放電。一旦放電電壓低于2.7V,電池可能報廢。

鋰離子電池以碳材料為負(fù)極,以含有鋰的化合物為正極,沒有金屬鋰,只有鋰離子,這就是鋰離子電池。鋰離子電池是以鋰離子嵌入化合物為正極材料的電池的總稱。鋰離子電池的充放電過程就是鋰離子嵌入和脫嵌入的過程。在鋰離子嵌入和脫嵌入過程中,伴隨著等效電子與鋰離子的嵌入和脫嵌入。


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