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高倍率鋰電池的介紹

2022-08-11

鋰電池

高倍率可充電鋰離子電池具有良好的潛力和發(fā)展前景，但要在兼顧現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，在鞏固現(xiàn)有鋰離子電池的性價比、電路控制、安全性、高低溫充放電和循環(huán)壽命等優(yōu)勢的基礎(chǔ)上，實現(xiàn)合理、安全的高倍率充電。

鋰離子電池已逐漸成為世界各國軍隊使用的主要電池。其不僅能將裝備負重減少約三分之一，提高單兵戰(zhàn)術(shù)作戰(zhàn)的靈活性和機動性，而且還能將裝備的作戰(zhàn)時間延長2 ~ 3倍，很大程度上提高單場任務(wù)的時效性和可靠性。

高倍率鋰離子電池充電時間(2~4h)短于鎘鎳電池、氫鎳電池和鉛酸電池(5~7h)，但仍不能滿足戰(zhàn)時的應(yīng)急需求。在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭中，美軍一般使用一個電池來避免充電問題。在當天完成任務(wù)后，舊電池被丟棄，換上新電池，導(dǎo)致在戰(zhàn)爭期間電池的后勤保障強度大于彈藥。為滿足戰(zhàn)時裝備充電等待時間(5~30min)的需要，鋰離子電池理論上可以高倍率充電(5~20C)。

鋰離子電池的陽極主要由碳構(gòu)成。碳材料價廉易得，但首次充電不可逆容量高，循環(huán)性能差，不適合高倍率充電。Li4Ti5O12可用作比容量為16的無碳負極材料5mAh/g，獨特的尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)可提高電極的循環(huán)性能和使用壽命，使電池具有良好的耐過充、過放電和安全性能，滿足高倍率充電的要求。


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