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鋰離子電池與鋰電池的區(qū)別

2022-07-16

鋰離子電池

鋰離子電池是由鋰電池發(fā)展而來的。要想了解兩者的區(qū)別,首先要先了解鋰電池。

鋰電池采用二氧化錳或亞硫酰氯作為正極材料,鋰作為負(fù)極材料,但電池的循壞性能較差,在充放電循環(huán)過程中,容易形成鋰結(jié)晶,造成電池內(nèi)部短路,所以一般情況下禁止這類電池充電。

后來,日本索尼公司發(fā)明了以碳材料為負(fù)極,含鋰化合物為正極的鋰電池。在充放電過程中,沒有金屬鋰,只有鋰離子,這就是鋰離子電池。當(dāng)電池充電時,鋰離子在電池的正極形成,然后通過電解液傳輸?shù)截?fù)極。負(fù)極是碳層結(jié)構(gòu),具有大量的微孔,鋰離子嵌入碳層的微孔,嵌入的鋰離子越多,充電能力越高。電池放電時,鋰離子則從負(fù)極的碳層脫出回到正極。

鋰離子電池采用可逆脫鋰的碳材料替代金屬鋰作為負(fù)極,克服了鋰二次電池循環(huán)壽命低、安全性差的缺點,實現(xiàn)了鋰離子電池的商業(yè)化。這標(biāo)志著電池行業(yè)的一場革命。


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