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加入催化劑改變鹽濃度 鋰電池的動(dòng)力學(xué)速率提高數(shù)倍

2022-06-20

加入催化劑改變鹽濃度 鋰電池的動(dòng)力學(xué)速率提高數(shù)倍

 

科技日?qǐng)?bào)訊 (記者金鳳 通訊員周偉 王洪洲)在目前研究的新型二次儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)中,鋰—氧電池是理論上比能量高的電池體系。但其放電產(chǎn)物過(guò)氧化鋰的絕緣性,阻礙了鋰—氧電池的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。日前,南京工業(yè)大學(xué)陳宇輝教授課題組聯(lián)合上海大學(xué)施思齊教授以及奧地利科學(xué)家,發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)改變鋰鹽濃度或者溶劑,就可以讓絕緣體的電化學(xué)速率提高數(shù)倍。研究成果近日發(fā)表在國(guó)際權(quán)威期刊《自然·催化》上。

  與鋰離子電池等插層電池主要依靠離子脫出或嵌入來(lái)平衡混合導(dǎo)電固體的氧化還原電荷不同,未來(lái)電池技術(shù)如鋰—氧電池、鋰—硫電池會(huì)產(chǎn)生絕緣物質(zhì)。鋰—氧電池在放電或充電期間將溶解在電解質(zhì)中的氧氣轉(zhuǎn)化為固態(tài)絕緣物質(zhì)過(guò)氧化鋰。鋰—硫電池可將固態(tài)絕緣物質(zhì)硫和硫化鋰相互轉(zhuǎn)化。電極與絕緣、不溶性、固體存儲(chǔ)材料之間會(huì)發(fā)生電荷轉(zhuǎn)移,即使在低倍率下也會(huì)導(dǎo)致高過(guò)電位和不完全轉(zhuǎn)化。

  “我們通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),用碘化鋰作為氧化還原媒介體的催化劑,在與絕緣物質(zhì)比如過(guò)氧化鋰反應(yīng)時(shí),存在一個(gè)突變電位?!闭撐淖髡摺⒛暇┕I(yè)大學(xué)博士生曹德慶介紹,當(dāng)媒介體電位低于突變電位時(shí),氧化還原媒介體在與絕緣物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)較慢,當(dāng)電位僅高于突變電位少許時(shí),氧化還原媒介體與絕緣物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)會(huì)突然加快。而通過(guò)改變鋰鹽濃度或者改變?nèi)軇涂梢哉{(diào)節(jié)媒介體電位的變化。

  “經(jīng)過(guò)深入研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象不僅在碘化鋰中存在,在其他媒介體與過(guò)氧化鋰反應(yīng)過(guò)程中也存在,這個(gè)結(jié)論還可以延伸到除了鋰—氧電池的其他電池體系,比如鋰—硫電池?!标愑钶x說(shuō),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)突變電位存在的原因,其實(shí)是與絕緣物質(zhì)的晶面有關(guān)。因?yàn)榻^緣物質(zhì)比如過(guò)氧化鋰等是多晶面的,媒介體的電位應(yīng)該超過(guò)主導(dǎo)晶面所需的低過(guò)電勢(shì)。


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